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‘Arīb al-Ma’mūnīya ((アラビア語:عريب المأمونية), b. 181/797-98, d. 277/890-91) was one of 'three early ‘Abbasid singing girls ... particularly famous for their poetry'.〔Tahera Qutbuddin, 'Women Poets', in ''Medieval Islamic Civilisation: An Encyclopedia'', ed. by Josef W. Meri, 2 vols (New York: Routledge, 2006), II 866, http://nelc.uchicago.edu/sites/nelc.uchicago.edu/files/2006%20Women%20Poets%20(Med.%20Islamic.%20Civ.%20Enc.).pdf.〕 ==Life and works== The main source for ‘Arīb's life is the tenth-century ''Kitāb al-Aghānī'' of Abū ’l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī:〔al-Iṣfahīnī, Abu l-Faraj, ''Kitāb al-aghānī'', Dār al-Fikr, 21 parts and Index in 9 vols., equivalent to the edition Kairo 1322/1905–5.〕 Like her peers, he tells us, ‘Arīb was versed in poetry, composition and music performance, along with sundry other skills, backgammon, chess and calligraphy among them. Her chosen instrument was the oud, a preference she would pass on to her students, but, above all, it was her singing and composition that stood out. Citing one of his key sources, Ibn al-Mu‘tazz, Abū ’l-Faraj refers to a collection of notebooks (''dafātir'') and loose sheets (''ṣuḥuf'') containing her songs. These are said to have numbered around 1,000. As regards her singing, Abū ’l-Faraj declares that she knew no rival among her peers. He groups her, alone among them, with the legendary divas of the earliest Islamic period, the singers known collectively as the ''Ḥijāzīyāt''.〔Matthew S. Gordon, 'The Place of Competition: The Careers of ‘Arīb al-Ma’mūnīya and ‘Ulayya bint al-Mahdī, Sisters in Song', in ''‘Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ‘Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6-10 July 2002'', ed. by James E. Montgomery (Leuven: Peeters, 2004), pp. 61-81 (p. 64).〕 Born in Baghdad, Iraq, ‘Arīb was rumoured in the Middle Ages to be the daughter of vizier Ja'far al-Barmaki, a key member of the Barmakids, and one of the family's domestic servants, Fāṭima. This parentage has been questioned by modern scholars. Either way, she was clearly a slave for important portions of her early life, whether born into slavery orr sold into slavery as a ten-year-old following her family's downfall. ‘Arīb's own poetry twice protests at her servile status, and she was manumitted by Abū Isḥāq al-Mu‘taṣim (r. 833-42).〔Matthew S. Gordon, 'The Place of Competition: The Careers of ‘Arīb al-Ma’mūnīya and ‘Ulayya bint al-Mahdī, Sisters in Song', in ''‘Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ‘Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6-10 July 2002'', ed. by James E. Montgomery (Leuven: Peeters, 2004), pp. 61-81 (pp. 64-65). https://www.academia.edu/358518/.〕 She allegedly rose to being the favourite singer of Caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813-33).〔''Classical Poems by Arab Women: A Bilingual Anthology'', ed. and trans. by Abdullah al-Udhari (London: Saqi Books, 1999), p. 140 ISBN 086356-047-4; books.google.co.uk/books/about/Classical_poems_by_Arab_women.html?id=WniBAAAAIAAJ&.〕 ‘Arīb's surviving oeuvre and associated anecdotes suggest not ony her poetic skills, but also a life in which she had a number of relationships with male lovers and patrons, indicating 'that ‘Arīb, like many of her peers, was a concubine as well as a singer when circumstances required'. It appears that she came to maintain a substantial entourage of her own and was a landowner. One of the most famous stories attached to her concerns a singing contest which she and her singing-girls won against her younger rival Shāriyah and her troupe.〔Agnes Imhof, 'Traditio vel Aemulatio? The Singing Contest of Sāmarrā’, Expression of a Medieval Culture of Competition', ''Der Islam'', 90 (2013), 1-20 (with a translation pp. 4-7), DOI 10.1515/islam-2013-0001, http://www.goedoc.uni-goettingen.de/goescholar/bitstream/handle/1/10792/Traditio%20vel%20Aemulatio.pdf?sequence=1.〕 The evidence suggests a figure who was 'willful, deeply intelligent, impatient with those of lesser wits and, perhaps inevitably, bemused and often cynical'.〔Matthew S. Gordon, 'The Place of Competition: The Careers of ‘Arīb al-Ma’mūnīya and ‘Ulayya bint al-Mahdī, Sisters in Song', in ''‘Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ‘Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6-10 July 2002'', ed. by James E. Montgomery (Leuven: Peeters, 2004), pp. 61-81 (pp. 65-66). https://www.academia.edu/358518.〕 An example of ‘Arīb's verse is the following: ::To you treachery is a virtue, you have many faces and ten tongues. ::I'm surprised my heart still clings to you in spite of what you put me through.〔Abdullah al-Udhari, ''Classical Poems by Arab Women'' (London: Saqi, 1999), p. 140.〕 If the early biographical information is correct, ‘Arīb died at the age of 96. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arib al-Ma'muniyya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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